A Reference Process Model for Usage Data-Driven Product Planning

Cyber-physical systems generate and collect huge amounts of usage data during operation. Analyzing these data may enable manufacturing companies to identify weaknesses and learn about the users of their products. Such insights are valuable in the early phases of product development like product planning, as they facilitate decision-making for product improvement. The analysis and exploitation of usage data in product planning, however, is a new task for manufacturing companies. To reduce mistakes and improve the results, companies should build upon a suitable reference process model. Unfortunately, established models for analyzing data cannot be easily applied for product planning. In this paper, we propose a reference process model for usage data-driven product planning. It builds on three well-established models for analyzing data and addresses the unique characteristics of usage data-driven product planning. Finally, we customize the model for a manufacturing company and demonstrate how it could be implemented in practice

Ontology for Future-robust Product Portfolio Evolution: A Basis for the Development of Models and Methods

The future-robust evolution of product portfolios is a key challenge for manufacturing companies. It requires the integration of strategic product planning and the understanding that products are developed in generations based on references following the SGE - System Generation Engineering theory. There is, though, a lack of consistent terminology that unites these topics and makes their concepts consistent. Their terms are used differently across industries, institutions, and companies. The resulting miscommunication leads to a loss of efficiency. Hence, a structured, interrelated terminology is needed. The paper contributes an ontology that delivers a unifying basis for the development of models and methods

The CMS Phase-1 pixel detector upgrade

The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013–2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking.Peer reviewe